oe sybacuse



Sept. 25, 1923.

1,469,190 D. D. ORMSBY DIFFERENT IAL GEARING Filed June` 14, 1918 Patented Sept. 25, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DONALD D. ORMSBY, OF SYRACUSE, NEW

YORK, ASSIGNOR TO BROWN LIPE CHAPIN COMPANY, OF SYRACUSE, NEVI YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

DIFFERENTEAL GEARING.

Application filed June 14,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DoNALn D. OnirsY, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, in the State of New Yom, have invented new and useful imiuovements in Differential Gearing, of which the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to certain iin-proveniente in differential gearing as used more particularly in the transmission of power from the motor to the traction-vheels of motordriven road-vehicles to automatically establish the desired speed ratio of Vboth wheels when traveling along direct or angular courses, but may be used in other res lations where two rotary members are required to be driven simultaneously at the saine speed or at different speeds from the saine driving member under varying degrees of resistance.

It is well known that in the use of ordinary differential gearing as commonly employed on automobiles and similar road vehicles having divided axles for the trac tion wheels, it frequently happens that the traetional resistance of said wheels becomes unbalanced or unequal to the extent of allowing the entire motive power to be spent in driving or spinning the wheel having the "least traotional resistance while the other wheel remains substantially station` ary, resuiting in the stalling77 of the mau chine. 4

The primary object of this present in vention is to overcome these objectionable results by providing simple, compact, and efficient means whereby `a substantial disturbance of the balance of resistance :to rotation of the driven members will autoniatically cause the Vdriving member 'to rotate both of said members at the same speed until the balance of resistance is substantially restored and maintained without in any way affecting Ythe automaticv differential action of said members or traction wheels wheny the machine is deflected from Y a straight course.

One of the specific objectsv is to permit the use of a device of this charaeterin the standard forms and sizes of `differential gears with a minimum degree of lalteration and `without adding materially to the cost of 1918. `Serial No. 239,989.

manufacturing or installation so that differential gears embodying my invention may be readily substituted for those now in common use.

Other objects and use will be brought out in the following description ln the drawings Figure 1 is a horizontal sectional view of a differential gearing embodying` my invention adapted to be used on automobiles and similar road vehicles.

Figures Q and 3- are transverse sectional views taken respectively in the planes of line 2 2 and 8 3 Figure 1 except that the larger gear ring is omitted .from Figure 2 As illustrated, this differential gear is adapted to be used for transmitting motion from the motor shaft to the relatively ro tatable wheel-supporting axles -a and M of a road vehicle, the driving means consisting of pinion 1 on the motor shaft meshing with the gear ring 2- which is secured by bolts or rivets 3 to a rotary frame or yoke lcontaining the differential gearing hereinafter described. Y

This rotary frame or yoke 4= extends axially substantially equal distances from and to opposite sides of the meeting ends of the shaft sections a and cz/ and is preferably divided transversely in a plane substantially coincident with said meeting ends to facilitate assembling of the inclosed parts of the differential gearing, the opposite sections formed by said transverse division being secured together by bolts 5 whenl the various parts are assembled'for use. v

The opposite or outer ends of the frame or yoke 1i are provided with journal bearings 6 for receiving' the adjacent portions of the shaft sections a and M and permitting relative rotation of the frame and shaft sections.` Opposed bev el gears 7 and 8 are mounted upon the adjacent ends of the shaft sections a and c to rotate therewith, the adjacent ends of the hubs of saidA gears having external annular bearings upon which is journaled a sleeve Q having a series of, in this instance, four radially projecting studs 10 arranged in pairs, those of each pair being diametrically opposite'each other, their outer ends being seated in suitable openings. lil-fin the,k

trarne. or yoke i -`-4l-., .said I studs.. being disposed in substantially the saine plane as the in eetingends of the axial sections as shown more clearly` in Figure -1 Upon these studs #lare journaled a corresponding number of bevel. pinions. -l2-,niesh1ng with the gears -7- and 8 for transmitting rotary inoticni-fromI the traine or yokey -4 to said gears and through.; the. latter.; to the axial. sections f; and, anbieten; gearering -lli-f, the collar 13- being. provided I, with: ani eccentric j circular bearing or periphery. While tbe.-y gear-ringi -l4,- is provided with a similar interna-.l2 eccentric bearing iitting` closely` upon the eccentric bearing-of the` collar 13H to forni aavedgng connection betweenthese-parts. 1 Y

A circular:` friction ring. or bushing-1G.h oibronzeor other suitable material is tightly fitted .Within and secured to the 'traine `or yolre 4* around the periphery of the.

gear-ring lafin i close'. proximity 'thereto to coopera-te therewith; in i a;A manner herein inafter,1 described for;automatically preventL inggthe` relative slipping vor spinningA oi.

either Wheel n i'nmcasel the traction of' the Wheelsor resistanceto rrotation ofthe driven members. iasf-ci1g and rfb/'- should fbe unb a-lancedOrdineelual;`

For enainpleT-assuining;that1the motor is; operation and in drivingconnection: avith 1,

the ranie or yoke eband that tlietrae- 40g. tentyase-to alloiv the. one: having the least` .tionalresistance off-.one of the Wheels isless thansth-atlofi the other Wheel to .such an ex an tlifeislniftlsectioirof the,slippiiigptracf tion-Wheel: substantially .equal tothat be.-

tiveen--tlie gfraineand theother shaft sectioncausing both driven iiieinbers; asl-aand to .be rotated at substantiallyl `the saniedspeed required VAfor directtdrvng.

On the other hand, if the tracticnalfp resti-stance issubstantially balanced orequal,

the same fractional. lock` Willbe established A between the franie-4= and-eccentrically stationary, i tolv the .gear-5 ring! 'tending tonrotate: it rin the.: saine di:-

related parts-18?- and -l-flwto rotate the li'iveii31in'e1nbei' as rma-f and f-a at practically` the saine speed when the machine movingin a direct course and `will alsoV per-v init the desired dii'llerential' action of* said driven members when the machine is de''lected .from .xaldirect line of travel.

' It therefore follows that any substantialdisturbance of. the balance of resistance transmitted to the tivo driven paits,ras aand -f-, Will automatically cause thev rotate both. driven membersy at',substantiallyy` the` same Vspeed and continue to so rotate the-in until a substantialbalance or resistL ance occurs.

lVliat .l claiin-is L A? difl'erential gearing; having'.- one;V ofi.`

its ldriven `gears made in tivo parte eccen-V trically mounted one upon the.otliei'nvliere-f by the relative; rotation ot said apar frictionally lockone. of them -to` thed rV gearand to Jthe other `part 1for positively. roe.

tating both of theI driven gears.

2. Ai differential. eeaiingrgY having` A ro.-

:b I taryA driving member provided withan .r an.- nular bearing, and1 one of .itsdr' n gears inade Y in.v tyvo parts; eccentrieall iI l one upon the y other` Vwithin saidbearingwhereby the relative rotationoi" said parte." Will frictionally: lock.F one. of there. to` said.

art and cause both.

bearing and tothe other@ p p driven gears to rotate at.substantially. the saine speed.= f

3., The. combination; otra rotary driving gear, separate ."driven.. gears. .co-axial with the: driving. gear, and pinionsarriecl bythe.

driving; ineinber .and meshing 'ivithi-tlie., drin` en.. gears, oneot. said?.4 driven gears. beingmade ,in tivo parts eccentrically.mounted one upon ,the other. lwhereby the lrelative. Irotation tionally-engage, thefl drivingil. ineinber.` and,V thereby rotate` both of Ithe .f driven gears at substantially'thesame` speedsV y '4. Aidiii'ei'entialgearing comprising aro.- tary driving v inc niber having. a .s concentric bearingL a.` rotary.. twofpartdriven gea r having.v one, part eccentrically` ino untedV upon the.

other part.4 for frictionalfconta jivith. saidy bcaring@whenl the tivo parts of "said .driven gear are. relatively rotatedan additionalA driven gear; a. planet.. geariinounted; on the..Y driving.` member.. and connecting;A said addi tional s driven l gear- With one ottlie parts. otL

the other :driven gear 'y lf 5. i In. a differential. geari pinion, a .rotaryunemberi.cofaigi ing, a, gear lrinjg inovably. mounted `.on

Y ng: the vcvonibin-a-v tionjvo a driviniemberllhavingr a jfricti on. aceizaipinion ihnofuntefcgl driving,r ineiin-L Y ber, a'fg'ear ineshing'with on side .co'lfthe. 1 liwitlisaid' gear and .xprovidedliwith "aina, eccentricv bears mounted lOl) miV

th e; eccentric` vbearing; and meshing with .thejVV opposite. side ofthe pinion .whereby a rela-l'V ispo tive rotary movement of the gear-ring and said rotary member will cause said gear-ring to rictionally engage the friction face of the driving member to prevent excessive relative rotation oi said gear and rotary member.

6. A differential gearing having a driving element and relatively rotatable coaxial driven elements, one of said driven elements being composed of relatively movable parts having inter-engaging cam faces, and a rotary planetary member mounted on the driving element and transmitting Vmotion to one of said parts to cause that part to irictionally interlock with the driving element by the relative movement of the cam face of one part against the cam face of the other part.

7. In a differential gea-ring7 a rotary driving element, rotary coaxial driven elements, one of which is composed of relatively movable parts having eccentric engaging faces, and means carried by the driving element for transmitting motion to one of said parts to cause the rotation Vof that part relatively to the other part and thereby to ifrictionally engage the irst named part with the driving element.

S. A dili'erential gearing comprisingr a rotary frame having a circular' bearing, relatively rotatable coaxial axle sections, and a system of differential bevel gears for transmitting motion from the frame to said axle sections, one of the differential gears being composed of relatively movable parts, one or the parts engaging the circular bearing of the frame, the other part having an eccentric bearing face engaging the first named part to force the latter into frictional engagement with the circular bearing,

9. A differential gearing comprising a rotary driving element having an internal annular bearing, coaxial rotary driven elements, a gear mounted on one of the driven elements, an eccentric mounted on the other driven element, a gear-ring mounted on the eccentric and engaged with said annular bearing of the drivingmember, and pinions mounted on the driving element and meshing with said gear and gear-ring, said gearring and eccentric being relatively adjustable rotarily to lighten and loosen the gear- .ring against and from said annular' bearing.

l0. A differential gearing comprising a rotary driving element having a friction clutch face, coaxial sections rotatable relatively to each other and to the driving element, cooperative cam sections, one of which is secured to one of the axle sections, the other cam member being adapted to engage the frictional clutch face of the driving element, said cam members being relatively adjustable rotarily to cause a frictional lock between said cam members and also between one of the cam members and Said frictional clutch face of the driving member, and means for transmitting rotary motion from the driving element to the other axle section and to the rcam member Which engages the friction clutch face of said driving member.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 4th day of June, 1918.

DONALD D. ORMSBY.

Vitnesses: 

